First Principles of Instruction
Table of Contents
- Demonstration Principle
- Application Principle
- Task-Centered Principle
- Activation Principle
- Integration Principle
Demonstration Principle
The Demonstration principle is appropriate for concept classification
(kinds of), carrying out a procedure (how-to), and predicting consequences
or finding faulted conditions in the execution of a process (what-happens)
(Merrill, 2009, in Reigeluth & Carr-Chellman).
Application Principle
- Learning is promoted when learners engage in application of their
newly acquired knowledge or skill that is consistent with the type of
content being taught.
- Learning from an application is effective only when learners receive
intrinsic or corrective feedback.
- Learning from an application is enhanced when learners are coached
and when the coaching is gradually withdrawn for each subsequent task.
- Learning from an application is enhanced by peer-collaboration.
(Merrill, 2009, in Reigeluth & Carr-Chellman)
Task-Centered Principle
(Merrill, 2009, in Reigeluth & Carr-Chellman)
(Merrill, 2009, in Reigeluth & Carr-Chellman)